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// Copyright 2023-2024 Hugo Osvaldo Barrera
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC
//! See [`Parser`] as the main entry point to this library.
#![no_std]
#![deny(clippy::pedantic)]
extern crate alloc;
use core::{
iter::{Enumerate, FusedIterator, Peekable},
str::Bytes,
};
use alloc::{
borrow::{Cow, ToOwned},
string::ToString,
};
/// A valid content line.
///
/// Continuation lines may be folded; wrapped with continuation lines separated by a CRLF
/// immediately followed by a single linear white-space character (i.e., SPACE or HTAB).
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
pub struct ContentLine<'input> {
// TODO: use indeces instead; they're half the size and slightly simpler.
/// The entire raw line, unaltered.
raw: &'input str,
/// Everything before the first colon or semicolon.
name: &'input str,
/// Everything before the first colon and after the first semicolon.
params: &'input str,
/// Everything after the first unquoted colon.
value: &'input str,
}
impl<'input> ContentLine<'input> {
/// Return the raw line without any unfolding.
#[must_use]
pub fn raw(&self) -> &'input str {
self.raw
}
/// Return this line's name, with continuation lines unfolded.
#[must_use]
pub fn name(&self) -> Cow<'input, str> {
unfold_lines(self.name)
}
/// Return this line's parameter(s), with continuation lines unfolded.
#[must_use]
pub fn params(&self) -> Cow<'input, str> {
unfold_lines(self.params)
}
/// Return this line's value, with continuation lines unfolded.
#[must_use]
pub fn value(&self) -> Cow<'input, str> {
unfold_lines(self.value)
}
/// Return the entire line unfolded.
///
/// Note that the line may exceed the maximum length, making it technically invalid. This is
/// however, suitable for comparing equality between to lines.
#[must_use]
pub fn unfolded(&self) -> Cow<'input, str> {
unfold_lines(self.raw)
}
/// Return this content line with normalised folds
///
/// The returned line shall be semantically equivalent to the input line. It will be folded
/// making each logical line as long as possible (e.g.: no more than 75 octets, excluding the
/// line jump).
#[must_use]
// INVARIANT: content lines only have valid continuation lines.
#[allow(clippy::missing_panics_doc)]
pub fn normalise_folds(&self) -> Cow<'input, str> {
let mut result = Cow::Borrowed(self.raw);
// Index where current portion begins.
let mut cur = 0;
// Not strictly where the line started; this is also shifted to compensate for unfolds.
let mut line_start = 0;
let mut chars = self.raw.char_indices().peekable();
while let Some((i, c)) = chars.next() {
if c == '\r' && matches!(chars.peek(), Some((_, '\n'))) {
chars.next(); // Advance the peeked LF.
assert!(
matches!(chars.next(), Some((_, ' ' | '\t'))),
"continuation line must start with a space or tab",
);
let next = chars.peek().map_or(1, |(_, c)| c.len_utf8());
if i - line_start + next >= 75 {
// In this case we don't need to mutate anything; the whole line and CRLF
// stay they same.
// Note that the space already counts towards the following line.
line_start = i + 2;
} else {
let portion = &self.raw[cur..i];
match result {
Cow::Borrowed(_) => {
result = Cow::Owned(portion.to_owned());
}
Cow::Owned(ref mut s) => {
s.push_str(portion);
}
}
// Shift by three to avoid counting CRLF<SPACE>.
line_start += 3;
cur = i + 3;
}
} else if (i - line_start) + c.len_utf8() >= 75 {
let portion = &self.raw[cur..i];
match result {
Cow::Borrowed(_) => {
result = Cow::Owned(portion.to_string() + "\r\n " + &c.to_string());
}
Cow::Owned(ref mut s) => {
s.push_str(portion);
s.push_str("\r\n ");
s.push(c);
}
}
cur = i + c.len_utf8();
line_start = i - 1; // -1 to account for the inserted space.
}
}
if let Cow::Owned(ref mut s) = result {
let portion = &self.raw[cur..];
s.push_str(portion);
}
result
}
}
/// A flexible parser for icalendar/vcard.
///
/// This parser is designed to gracefully handle bogus data. The semantics of names, parameters,
/// and values are not validated. For example, a "date" may be an arbitrary string. Users of this
/// library should validate any data with the usual considerations for handling input data.
///
/// This parser itself is zero-copy. Accessors methods return unfolded names, values and
/// parameters. These accessors return a [`Cow`], and will allocate in case of folded lines.
///
/// It should be used via its [`Iterator`] implementation which iterates over [`ContentLine`]
/// instances.
///
/// # Known issues
///
/// - A trailing empty line is lost.
///
/// # See also
///
/// - [`Parser::next`]
pub struct Parser<'data> {
data: &'data str,
characters: Peekable<Enumerate<Bytes<'data>>>,
}
impl<'data> Parser<'data> {
/// Create a new parser with the given input data.
///
/// The input data MAY have unfolded continuation lines.
#[must_use]
pub fn new(data: &'data str) -> Parser<'data> {
Parser {
data,
characters: data.bytes().enumerate().peekable(),
}
}
/// Returns the unparsed portion of the input data.
///
/// Does not affect advance the position of this iterator.
#[must_use]
pub fn remainder(&mut self) -> &str {
&self.data[self
.characters
.peek()
.map_or_else(|| self.data.len(), |(i, _)| *i)..]
}
}
impl<'data> Iterator for Parser<'data> {
type Item = ContentLine<'data>;
/// Returns the next content line from the input data.
///
/// This method is no-copy; a [`ContentLine`] contains only pointers to the original input
/// data.
///
/// Returns `None` after the last line has been returned. Returns `None` if called after the
/// iterator has been exhausted.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<ContentLine<'data>> {
let (start, _) = *self.characters.peek()?;
loop {
match self.characters.next() {
Some((semicolon, b';')) => loop {
match self.characters.next() {
Some((colon, b':')) => loop {
match self.characters.next() {
Some((cr, b'\r')) => {
if !self.characters.peek().is_some_and(|(_, c)| *c == b'\n') {
continue; // Not CRLF.
};
self.characters.next(); // Advance the peeked LF.
if matches!(self.characters.peek(), Some((_, b' ' | b'\t'))) {
continue; // Continuation line
}
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..cr],
name: &self.data[start..semicolon],
params: &self.data[semicolon + 1..colon],
value: &self.data[colon + 1..cr],
});
}
Some((_, _)) => {}
None => {
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..],
name: &self.data[start..semicolon],
params: &self.data[semicolon + 1..colon],
value: &self.data[colon + 1..],
})
}
}
},
Some((_, b'"')) => loop {
match self.characters.next() {
Some((_, b'"')) => break,
Some((_, _)) => {}
None => {
// WARN: reached EOF, expected closing quote
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..],
name: &self.data[start..semicolon],
params: &self.data[semicolon + 1..],
value: &self.data[semicolon..semicolon],
});
}
}
},
Some((cr, b'\r')) => {
if !self.characters.peek().is_some_and(|(_, c)| *c == b'\n') {
continue; // Not CRLF.
};
self.characters.next(); // Advance the peeked LF.
if matches!(self.characters.peek(), Some((_, b' ' | b'\t'))) {
continue; // Continuation line
}
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..cr],
name: &self.data[start..semicolon],
params: &self.data[semicolon + 1..cr],
value: &self.data[semicolon..semicolon],
});
}
Some((_, _)) => {}
None => {
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..],
name: &self.data[start..semicolon],
params: &self.data[semicolon + 1..],
value: &self.data[semicolon..semicolon],
});
}
};
},
// Begin value
Some((colon, b':')) => loop {
match self.characters.next() {
Some((cr, b'\r')) => {
if !self.characters.peek().is_some_and(|(_, c)| *c == b'\n') {
continue; // Not CRLF.
};
self.characters.next(); // Advance the peeked LF.
if matches!(self.characters.peek(), Some((_, b' ' | b'\t'))) {
continue; // Continuation line
}
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..cr],
name: &self.data[start..colon],
params: &self.data[colon..colon],
value: &self.data[colon + 1..cr],
});
}
Some((_, _)) => {}
None => {
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..],
name: &self.data[start..colon],
params: &self.data[colon..colon],
value: &self.data[colon + 1..],
});
}
}
},
Some((cr, b'\r')) => {
if !self.characters.peek().is_some_and(|(_, c)| *c == b'\n') {
continue; // Not CRLF.
};
self.characters.next(); // Advance the peeked LF.
if matches!(self.characters.peek(), Some((_, b' ' | b'\t'))) {
continue; // Continuation line
}
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..cr],
name: &self.data[start..cr],
params: &self.data[start..start],
value: &self.data[start..start],
});
}
Some((_, _)) => {}
None => {
return Some(ContentLine {
raw: &self.data[start..],
name: &self.data[start..],
params: &self.data[start..start],
value: &self.data[start..start],
});
}
}
}
}
}
impl<'data> FusedIterator for Parser<'data> {}
/// Unfold multiple continuation lines into a single line.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// If the input string has multiple non-continuation lines.
fn unfold_lines(lines: &str) -> Cow<str> {
let mut result = Cow::Borrowed(lines);
let mut cur = 0;
let mut chars = lines.char_indices().peekable();
while let Some((i, c)) = chars.next() {
if c != '\r' {
continue;
}
if !chars.peek().is_some_and(|(_, c)| *c == '\n') {
continue; // Not CRLF.
};
chars.next(); // Advance the peeked LF.
assert!(
matches!(chars.next(), Some((_, ' ' | '\t'))),
"continuation line is not a continuation line",
);
let portion = &lines[cur..i];
match result {
Cow::Borrowed(_) => {
result = Cow::Owned(portion.to_owned());
}
Cow::Owned(ref mut s) => {
s.push_str(portion);
}
}
cur = i + 3;
}
if let Cow::Owned(ref mut s) = result {
let portion = &lines[cur..];
s.push_str(portion);
}
result
}
#[cfg(test)]
#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
mod test {
use crate::{unfold_lines, ContentLine, Parser};
use alloc::borrow::Cow;
#[test]
fn test_complete_example() {
let data = [
"BEGIN:VCALENDAR",
"VERSION:2.0",
"PRODID:nl.whynothugo.todoman",
"BEGIN:VTODO",
"DTSTAMP:20231126T095923Z",
"DUE;TZID=Asia/Shanghai:20231128T090000",
"SUMMARY:dummy todo for parser tests",
"UID:565f48cb5b424815a2ba5e56555e2832@destiny.whynothugo.nl",
"END:VTODO",
"END:VCALENDAR",
// Note: this calendar is not entirely semantically valid;
// it is missing the timezone which is referred to in DUE.
]
.join("\r\n");
let mut parser = Parser::new(&data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "BEGIN:VCALENDAR",
name: "BEGIN",
params: "",
value: "VCALENDAR"
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "VERSION:2.0",
name: "VERSION",
params: "",
value: "2.0",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "PRODID:nl.whynothugo.todoman",
name: "PRODID",
params: "",
value: "nl.whynothugo.todoman",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "BEGIN:VTODO",
name: "BEGIN",
params: "",
value: "VTODO",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DTSTAMP:20231126T095923Z",
name: "DTSTAMP",
params: "",
value: "20231126T095923Z",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DUE;TZID=Asia/Shanghai:20231128T090000",
name: "DUE",
params: "TZID=Asia/Shanghai",
value: "20231128T090000",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "SUMMARY:dummy todo for parser tests",
name: "SUMMARY",
params: "",
value: "dummy todo for parser tests",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "UID:565f48cb5b424815a2ba5e56555e2832@destiny.whynothugo.nl",
name: "UID",
params: "",
value: "565f48cb5b424815a2ba5e56555e2832@destiny.whynothugo.nl",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "END:VTODO",
name: "END",
params: "",
value: "VTODO",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "END:VCALENDAR",
name: "END",
params: "",
value: "VCALENDAR",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_empty_data() {
let data = "";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_empty_lines() {
// A line followed by CRLF is a different code-path than a line followed by EOF.
let data = "\r\n";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(
line,
ContentLine {
raw: "",
name: "",
params: "",
value: "",
}
);
assert_eq!(line.raw(), "");
assert_eq!(line.name(), "");
assert_eq!(line.params(), "");
assert_eq!(line.value(), "");
// FIXME: trailing empty lines are swallowed.
// assert_eq!(
// parser.next(),
// Some(ContentLine {
// raw: "",
// name: "",
// params: "",
// value: "",
// })
// );
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_line_with_params() {
// A line with ending in CRLF is a different code-path than a line in EOF.
let data = [
"DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:19970902T090000",
"DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:19970902T090000",
]
.join("\r\n");
let mut parser = Parser::new(&data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:19970902T090000",
name: "DTSTART",
params: "TZID=America/New_York",
value: "19970902T090000",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:19970902T090000",
name: "DTSTART",
params: "TZID=America/New_York",
value: "19970902T090000",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_line_with_dquote() {
// A line with ending in CRLF is a different code-path than a line in EOF.
let data = [
"SUMMARY:This has \"some quotes\"",
"DTSTART;TZID=\"local;VALUE=DATE-TIME\":20150304T184500",
]
.join("\r\n");
let mut parser = Parser::new(&data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "SUMMARY:This has \"some quotes\"",
name: "SUMMARY",
params: "",
value: "This has \"some quotes\"",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DTSTART;TZID=\"local;VALUE=DATE-TIME\":20150304T184500",
name: "DTSTART",
params: "TZID=\"local;VALUE=DATE-TIME\"",
value: "20150304T184500",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_continuation_line() {
// A line with ending in CRLF is a different code-path than a line in EOF.
let data = [
"X-JMAP-LOCATION;VALUE=TEXT;X-JMAP-GEO=\"geo:52.123456,4.123456\";",
" X-JMAP-ID=03453afa-71fc-4893-ba70-a7436bb6d56c:Name of place",
"X-JMAP-LOCATION;VALUE=TEXT;X-JMAP-GEO=\"geo:52.123456,4.123456\";",
" X-JMAP-ID=03453afa-71fc-4893-ba70-a7436bb6d56c:Name of place",
]
.join("\r\n");
let mut parser = Parser::new(&data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: &[
"X-JMAP-LOCATION;VALUE=TEXT;X-JMAP-GEO=\"geo:52.123456,4.123456\";",
" X-JMAP-ID=03453afa-71fc-4893-ba70-a7436bb6d56c:Name of place",
]
.join("\r\n"),
name: "X-JMAP-LOCATION",
params: "VALUE=TEXT;X-JMAP-GEO=\"geo:52.123456,4.123456\";\r\n X-JMAP-ID=03453afa-71fc-4893-ba70-a7436bb6d56c",
value: "Name of place",
})
);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: &[
"X-JMAP-LOCATION;VALUE=TEXT;X-JMAP-GEO=\"geo:52.123456,4.123456\";",
" X-JMAP-ID=03453afa-71fc-4893-ba70-a7436bb6d56c:Name of place",
]
.join("\r\n"),
name: "X-JMAP-LOCATION",
params: "VALUE=TEXT;X-JMAP-GEO=\"geo:52.123456,4.123456\";\r\n X-JMAP-ID=03453afa-71fc-4893-ba70-a7436bb6d56c",
value: "Name of place",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_invalid_lone_name() {
let data = "BEGIN";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "BEGIN",
name: "BEGIN",
params: "",
value: "",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_invalid_name_with_params() {
let data = "DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York",
name: "DTSTART",
params: "TZID=America/New_York",
value: "",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_invalid_name_with_trailing_semicolon() {
let data = "DTSTART;";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DTSTART;",
name: "DTSTART",
params: "",
value: "",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_invalid_name_with_trailing_colon() {
let data = "DTSTART:";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "DTSTART:",
name: "DTSTART",
params: "",
value: "",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_remainder() {
let data = ["BEGIN:VTODO", "SUMMARY:Do the thing"].join("\r\n");
let mut parser = Parser::new(&data);
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "BEGIN:VTODO",
name: "BEGIN",
params: "",
value: "VTODO",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.remainder(), "SUMMARY:Do the thing");
assert_eq!(
parser.next(),
Some(ContentLine {
raw: "SUMMARY:Do the thing",
name: "SUMMARY",
params: "",
value: "Do the thing",
})
);
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
}
#[test]
fn test_fold_multiline() {
assert_eq!(
unfold_lines("UID:horrible-\r\n example"),
"UID:horrible-example"
);
assert_eq!(unfold_lines("UID:X\r\n Y"), "UID:XY");
assert_eq!(unfold_lines("UID:X\r\n "), "UID:X");
assert_eq!(
unfold_lines("UID:quite\r\n a\r\n few\r\n lines"),
"UID:quiteafewlines"
);
}
#[test]
#[should_panic(expected = "continuation line is not a continuation line")]
fn test_fold_multiline_missing_whitespace() {
unfold_lines("UID:two\r\nlines");
}
#[test]
fn test_normalise_folds_short() {
let data = "SUMMARY:Hello there";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
assert_eq!(line.normalise_folds(), data);
assert!(matches!(line.normalise_folds(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
}
#[test]
fn test_normalise_folds_with_carrige_returns() {
let data = "SUMMARY:Hello \rthere";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
assert_eq!(line.normalise_folds(), data);
assert!(matches!(line.normalise_folds(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
}
#[test]
fn test_normalise_folds_with_newlines() {
let data = "SUMMARY:Hello \nthere";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
assert_eq!(line.normalise_folds(), data);
assert!(matches!(line.normalise_folds(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
}
#[test]
fn test_normalise_folds_too_many_folds() {
let data = "SUMMARY:Hello \r\n \r\n there";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
let expected = "SUMMARY:Hello there";
assert_eq!(line.normalise_folds(), expected);
}
#[test]
fn test_normalise_folds_long() {
let data = [
"SUMMARY:Some really long text that nobody ",
" cares about, but is wrapped in two lines.",
]
.join("\r\n");
let mut parser = Parser::new(&data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
let expected = [
"SUMMARY:Some really long text that nobody cares about, but is wrapped in t",
" wo lines.",
]
.join("\r\n");
assert_eq!(line.normalise_folds(), expected);
}
#[test]
fn test_normalise_folds_multibyte() {
// This is 59 characters, 161 octets
let data = "SUMMARY:動千首看院波未假遠子到花，白六到星害，馬吃牠說衣欠去皮香收司意，青個話化汁喜視娘以男雪青土已升斤法兌。";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
let expected = [
// Keep in mind that CR counts, but LF does not.
"SUMMARY:動千首看院波未假遠子到花，白六到星害，馬吃牠", // 74
" 說衣欠去皮香收司意，青個話化汁喜視娘以男雪青土已", // 73
" 升斤法兌。", // 16
]
.join("\r\n");
assert_eq!(line.normalise_folds(), expected);
}
#[test]
fn test_normalise_folds_multibyte_noop() {
// This is 59 characters, 161 octets
let data = [
// Keep in mind that CR counts, but LF does not.
"SUMMARY:動千首看院波未假遠子到花，白六到星害，馬吃牠", // 74
" 說衣欠去皮香收司意，青個話化汁喜視娘以男雪青土已", // 73
" 升斤法兌。", // 16
]
.join("\r\n");
let mut parser = Parser::new(&data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(parser.next(), None);
assert_eq!(line.normalise_folds(), data);
assert!(matches!(line.normalise_folds(), Cow::Borrowed(_)));
}
#[test]
fn test_unfold_params_with_trailing_crlf() {
let data = ";\r\n";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(line.raw(), ";");
assert_eq!(line.name(), "");
assert_eq!(line.params(), "");
assert_eq!(line.value(), "");
}
#[test]
fn test_unfold_name_with_trailing_crlf() {
let data = "\r\n";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(line.raw(), "");
assert_eq!(line.name(), "");
assert_eq!(line.params(), "");
assert_eq!(line.value(), "");
}
#[test]
fn test_unfold_value_with_trailing_crlf() {
let data = ";:\r\n";
let mut parser = Parser::new(data);
let line = parser.next().unwrap();
assert_eq!(line.raw(), ";:");
assert_eq!(line.name(), "");
assert_eq!(line.params(), "");
assert_eq!(line.value(), "");
}
}